Iranian Journal of Wargaming

Iranian Journal of Wargaming

Developments of international humanitarian law in armed conflicts of the beginning of the third millennium in the war arenas

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
esmaeil vaisi 1
Hossain Shkohi 2
Hossain Navade toupchi 3
Abas Jafarnia 3
1 Department of War Management, Army Command and Staff University, Tehran, iran
2 Department of War Management, Army Command and Staff University, Tehran, Iran
3 War College, Army Command and Staff University, Tehran.
10.22034/ijwg.2025.517351.1116
Abstract
International Humanitarian Law (IHL) has been significantly affected by new developments in the land, air and sea domains at the beginning of the third millennium. These changes have led to the emergence of new technological and strategic challenges that affect security and human rights.

Methodology: This developmental, qualitative article with a descriptive approach examines the developments in IHL in the three aforementioned spaces and, using reliable scientific sources, analyzes key points of view and ideas related to the protection of civilians and combatants in these areas.

Findings: On land, the emergence of multilateral wars and the rise of terrorism have led to the need to update the rules. In air, the emergence of advanced technologies has created new threats that current rules are unable to cover. At sea, challenges such as piracy and maritime terrorism have highlighted the need for international cooperation.

Conclusion: This article emphasizes the need to update and develop IHL so that the international community can respond to new challenges in armed conflicts. International cooperation and strengthening training in war games and tactical exercises in this field are key requirements that can help improve the human rights situation.
Keywords
developments
international humanitarian law
armed conflicts

Subjects

Iranian Journal of Wargaming
Volume 8, Issue 16
December 2025